Choosing lamp shades comes down to three things, in this order. Check the fitting, then the size, then the material and shape that give the light you want.
01Check the fitting first
- Duplex rings, common in the UK, fit both bayonet B22 and screw E27 lamp holders.
- E27 or E14 rings sit under the bulb and are held by the lamp holder's collar.
- Harp and finial fittings rest on a metal frame above the bulb, typical of traditional lamps.
- Clip-on shades grip a candle bulb directly, for chandeliers and wall lights.
- Easy-fit shades slip over an existing ceiling pendant and need no electrician.
02Getting the size right
For a table lamp, a good starting point is a shade whose height is about two thirds of the base, measured up to the lamp holder, and whose bottom diameter is roughly equal to the height of the base. The shade should hide the lamp holder when you are seated or standing beside it. For a ceiling pendant, the shade should leave a comfortable gap above heads and tables, and a large drum shade of 40 to 50 cm suits most living rooms. Floor lamps take bigger lamp shades than table lamps, often 40 cm across or more, so that the shade still looks in proportion with a tall stem.
03How to measure
Measure the top diameter, the bottom diameter and the slant height, the length of the side from top to bottom. When replacing lamp shades, take these three numbers from the old one and keep the fitting the same. If you are buying for a new base, take a photo of it next to a tape measure, which makes it much easier to judge proportions when you compare shades online.
04Materials and the light they give
Linen and cotton give a warm, even glow. Pleated fabric adds texture. Paper is light and very diffuse. Rattan and woven shades cast patterns on walls and ceilings. Opaque shades, or ones lined in white or gold, send light up and down and keep the room dim, which suits a bedroom. Coloured lamp shades tint the light, so a deep red or green will make the whole room warmer and darker.
05Shapes
Drum and cylinder lamp shades look modern and spread light widely. Empire and tapered shades narrow at the top and push more light downwards, a classic choice for traditional bases. Coolie shades, wide and shallow, work well over a dining table. Pairing shapes helps too, as a round base usually looks best under a drum, and a square base under a square or rectangular shade.
06Safety
Respect the maximum wattage marked on the lamp, and keep the bulb clear of the fabric. LED bulbs run much cooler than old filament ones, which makes them the safer choice inside fabric and paper lamp shades.